India and Its
Neighbours
India is a vast country with
its mountains, plateaus and plains. It is the seventh largest and the second
most populous country in the world.
From north to south, India
stretches across about 3,200 kilometres, and from east to west it stretches
about 3,000 kilometres. It is surrounded by water on three sides – the Arabian Sea in the west,
the Bay of Bengal in
the east and the Indian
Ocean in the south. To its north are the high mountain ranges – the Himalayas.
The physical divisions of
India are divided into six divisions – the Northern Mountains, the Northern
Plains, the Great Indian Desert, the Peninsular Plateau, the Coastal Plains and
the Islands.
The Northern Mountains include
the Himalayas.
The Northern Plains lie to the
south of the Northern Mountains.
The Great Indian Desert which
is also known as the Thar Desert, is in the north-western part of India.
The Peninsular Plateau lies to
the south of the Northern Plains and extends till Kanniyakumari, the
southernmost tip of peninsular India.
The Coastal Plains occupy the
land between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea in the west, and the land
between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal in the east.
The Islands found in the Bay
of Bengal are the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and those found in the Arabian
Sea are the Lakshadweep Islands.
India shares a common boundary
with Pakistan and Afghanistan in the north-west; Nepal, Bhutan and China in the
north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar in the east. Sri Lanka and the Maldives lie
to the south of India. These countries are India’s neighbours.
UNITY IN
DIVERSITY
We can see that India is a
land of diversity which is visible in the different landforms. The climate is
also differs from place to place. Some places are very hot while some are cool.
Some places receive little rainfall while some receive heavy rainfall.
People in India belong to
different religions, tribes and races. They speak different languages, they
follow different customs, they wear different dresses and they eat different
foods. In spite of all these difference, we are all united and we call
ourselves Indians and as an Indian I proud of my country because there is unity
in diversity.
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